The thermal analyses are the set of techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature (or time) while the sample is subjected to a controlled temperature program (heating, cooling, isotherm).
The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measures the difference in the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample and reference as a function of temperature.
The maximum working temperature is 1600°C, depending on material, analysis conditions and technique (measuring head) used and can be done also in different atmospheres (such as nitrogen)
Some application examples:
Recording of chemical-physical transformations of the material during the heat treatment.
Evaluation of reaction enthalpies and specific heat.
The differential scanning calorimeter Perkin Elmer DSC 8000 (power compensation) measures the energy absorbed and released when a sample is heated, frozen, or kept at constant temperature. Experiments can be made in the range of temperatures between 110 and 950 K. DSC is very useful to determine fusion or decomposition temperatures, phase transitions in crystals and amorphous solids, identification of polymorphs and also permits the identification of the molecular conformations as for example single polymer chain folding among others. With this equipment, very small amount of sample is needed (1-2 mg ) to have reliable results.
The thermal analyses are the set of techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature (or time) while the sample is subjected to a controlled temperature program (heating, cooling, isotherm).
Tools for the characterisation of nanoparticle dispersions and of their interfaces are needed for obtaining colloids, nanofluids, emulsions, which have various applications ranging from microfluidics, to life sciences, energy efficiency, etc.
Different nanochemical methodologies are offered to prepare nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanodots, self-assembled monolayers, films, nanoparticles, liposomes, emulsions, vesicles, etc). Among the systems that can be prepared are organic, hybrid organic-organic organic-inorganic, polymeric and biomaterial systems.
DLS is a powerful tool for investigating the diffusion behaviour of macromolecules or particles in suspension polar or non-polar liquid media. It gives an estimate of the size of the particles by means of mathematical relations between light scattering and diffusion behaviour of particles.
