The measurement of the thixotropy of structured fluids such as suspensions, emulsions and polymeric solutions is performed with rotational rheometers.
It is based on the application of several shear rate (or shear stress) steps and on recording the corresponding time evolution of the shear viscosity or shear stress (or shear rate). In this way it is possible to study the kinetics of agglomeration of structured fluids.
In SEM a beam is scanned over a sample surface while a signal from secondary or back-scattered electrons is recorded. SEM is used to image an area of the sample with nanometric resolution, and also to measure its composition, crystallographic phase distribution and local texture.
In CBD, aggregates formed in the gas-phase are processed in a molecular beam source so to form a collimated beam of particles that once intercepted by a substrate can be used to grow thin films of nanostructured materials. Nanocomposites are produced by co-deposition from multiple sources. Accessible materials are metals, carbon, metal-oxides.
The furnace uses flash lamps for rapid processing of materials at high temperature (implant annealing, oxidation , nitridation, ohmic contact…), particularly for semiconductor wafers.
